This dedication to peacemaking and never compromising on what he thought was best for the Penateka Comanches are two traits that appear to define Isawacony’s life. He was unique among his fellow chiefs in that while other chiefs considered peace and violence equally as options in dealing with the incursion of Americans into their territory, Isawacony seemed dedicated primarily to peace. Isowacony was one of several chiefs of the Penateka band, which lived primarily throughout what is known today as Southern Texas and Northern Mexico. Though they were related and shared a culture and history, Comanche bands were autonomous and seldom worked together. Before the Comanche Nation was centralized, Comanches lived in disparate bands. …… Isowacony (Little Wolf) was a chief of the Penateka band of Comanches before the Comanches became a centralized nation. “SORROW WHISPERS IN THE WINDS”: THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS’S COMMANCHE INDIAN POLICY, 1836-1846 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Carol A. This is the true history of the name as derived from Isowacuny himself. By taking the sound as they pronounce it, and giving it the Spanish orthography, it gives us the word “Texas, “ which is the “happy hunting ground” or the “Elysium,“ of the Camanches. Tehas is the Camanchee name for the residence of the happy spirit in the other world, where they shall enjoy an eternal felicity, and have a plenty of deer and buffalo always at hand. It was decided unanimously that it should go by the name apparently furnished them by the Great Spirit.
The prairie was covered with buffalo, deer and antelopes, and they thought they had reached the happy hunting-ground, and the word “Tehas! Tehas! Tehas!” burst from every tongue. They crossed the great river, and ascended one of the highest peaks of the mountain, which overlooked the adjacent plain. ……They traveled for many weeks, and at last came to the great river north- the Rio Grande – where they encamped, and sent out twenty chosen men to examine the adjacent country. A great proportion of them bowed their necks to the conqueror, and became serfs and slaves to the Spaniards but a few, the noblest and best, preferred exile to servitude, and set out on a pilgrimage to the north, in hopes to find a land where they could enjoy their ancient institutions in peace. They were required to change their ancient religion, and thousands of them were sent off to work in the mines from which they rarely ever made their escape. But too late they ascertained that they had introduced a harder master, and that unconditional servitude was all they had to expect. Those chiefs believed if they could destroy the power of Montezuma, they could easily dispatch the Spaniard, and have the control of the country in their own hands. The Chiefs say that when Cortes landed in Mexico, he found the country torn to pieces by internal factions and was enabled, by employing the disaffected chiefs, to raise a force to seize upon their capital. Eating the berries of the Fairybells, however, is not recommended since they may resemble similar species whose berries are poisonous.…… Comanche claim to be the lineal descendents of the empire of Montezuma, and the only legitimate owners of the whole Mexican country. Wildlife such as rodents and grouse also utilize these berries. Habitat: Fairybells are found in the rich damp soil of woods and canyons, often near streams.Ĭomments: Eating the berries of the Fairybells are not recommended since they may resemble similar species whose berries are poisonous.Įdible and medicinal value: The orangish-yellow berries were eaten raw by the Blackfoot Indians. The fruit of the Fairybells are a roundish, velvet-skinned, orange-yellow berry. Leaves are ovate to oblong and are 1-3 inches long with hairs that stick straight out on the edges. It has 1 to 2 small creamy-white, narrow, bell-shaped flowers which hang beneath the leaves at the end of the branches.
"Trachycarpum" means rough-carpeled in reference to the pistil.ĭescription: This beautiful woodland plant has stems branched in a forked manner. This refers to the seeds which are often 2 per ovary cell.
History: "Disporum" is Greek - "dis" meaning double and "spora" meaning seed.
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